Bande Mataram
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(Sri Aurobindo in third person:) “He preferred to remain and act and even to lead from behind the scenes without his name being known in public; it was the Government’s action in prosecuting him as editor of the Bande Mataram that forced him into public view. And from that time forward he became openly, what he had been for sometime already, a prominent leader of the Nationalist party, its principal leader in action in Bengal and the organiser there of its policy and strategy. He had decided in his mind the lines on which he wanted the country’s action to run... Sri Aurobindo had to establish and generalise the idea of independence in the mind of the Indian people and at the same time to push first a party and then the whole nation into an intense and organised political activity which would lead to the accomplishment of that ideal.”[1]
“The part Sri Aurobindo took publicly in Indian politics was of brief duration, for he turned aside from it in 1910 and withdrew to Pondicherry; much of his programme lapsed in his absence, but enough had been done to change the whole face of Indian politics and the whole spirit of the Indian people, to make independence its aim and non-cooperation and resistance its method, and even an imperfect application of this policy heightening into sporadic periods of revolt has been sufficient to bring about the victory.”[2]
Bande Mataram
Political Writings and Speeches
1890–1908
1890–1908
Part One: Writings and a Resolution (1890 – 1906)
India Renascent 3 India and the British Parliament 7 New Lamps for Old 11 
At the Turn of the Century 63 Old Moore for 1901 64 The Congress Movement 65 Fragment for a Pamphlet 67 Unity: An open letter 68 The Proposed Reconstruction of Bengal 70 On the Bengali and the Mahratta 73 Bhawani Mandir 75 
Ethics East and West 93 Resolution at a Swadeshi Meeting 96 A Sample-Room for Swadeshi Articles 97 On the Barisal Proclamation 100
Part Two: Bande Mataram under the Editorship of Bipin Chandra Pal (6 August – 15 October 1906)
Darkness in Light 20.8.06 109 Our Rip Van Winkles 20.8.06 109 Indians Abroad 20.8.06 110 Officials on the Fall of Fuller 20.8.06 111 Cow Killing: An Englishman’s Amusements in Jalpaiguri 20.8.06 111 Schools for Slaves 27.8.06 113 By the Way 27.8.06 113 The Mirror and Mr. Tilak 28.8.06 116 Leaders in Council 28.8.06 118 Loyalty and Disloyalty in East Bengal 30.8.06 119 By the Way 30.8.06 123 Lessons at Jamalpur 1.9.06 126 By the Way 1.9.06 127 By the Way 3.9.06 129 Partition and Petition 4.9.06 131 English Enterprise and Swadeshi 4.9.06 132 Sir Frederick Lely on Sir Bampfylde Fuller 4.9.06 133 Jamalpur 4.9.06 134 By the Way 4.9.06 134 The Times on Congress Reforms 8.9.06 137 By the Way 8.9.06 140 The Pro-Petition Plot 10.9.06 143 Socialist and Imperialist 10.9.06 148 The Sanjibani on Mr. Tilak 10.9.06 148 Secret Tactics 10.9.06 149 By the Way 10.9.06 151 A Savage Sentence 11.9.06 153 The Question of the Hour 11.9.06 153 A Criticism 11.9.06 154 By the Way 11.9.06 154 The Old Policy and the New 12.9.06 157 Is a Conflict Necessary? 12.9.06 159 The Charge of Vilification 12.9.06 160 Autocratic Trickery 12.9.06 160 By the Way 12.9.06 161 Strange Speculations 13.9.06 163 The Statesman under Inspiration 13.9.06 164 A Disingenuous Defence 14.9.06 165 Last Friday’s Folly 17.9.06 167 Stop-gap Won’t Do 17.9.06 170 By the Way 17.9.06 170 Is Mendicancy Successful? 18.9.06 173 By the Way 18.9.06 175 By the Way 20.9.06 178 By the Way 1.10.06 182 By the Way 11.10.06 185
Part Three: Bande Mataram under the Editorship of Sri Aurobindo (24 October 1906 – 27 May 1907)
The Famine near Calcutta 29.10.06 189 Statesman’s Sympathy Brand 29.10.06 190 By the Way. News from Nowhere 29.10.06 191 The Statesman’s Voice of Warning 30.10.06 193 Sir Andrew Fraser 30.10.06 196 By the Way. Necessity Is the Mother of Invention 30.10.06 197 Articles Published in the Bande Mataram in November and December 1906 199 The Man of the Past and the Man of the Future 26.12.06 201 The Results of the Congress 31.12.06 205 Yet There Is Method in It 25.2.07 209 Mr. Gokhale’s Disloyalty 28.2.07 211 The Comilla Incident 15.3.07 213 British Protection or Self-Protection 18.3.07 219 The Berhampur Conference 29.3.07 224 The President of the Berhampur Conference 2.4.07 228 Peace and the Autocrats 3.4.07 231 Many Delusions 5.4.07 236 By the Way. Reflections of Srinath Paul, Rai Bahadoor, on the Present Discontents 5.4.07 239 Omissions and Commissions at Berhampur 6.4.07 244 The Writing on the Wall 8.4.07 248 A Nil-admirari Admirer 9.4.07 252 Pherozshahi at Surat 10.4.07 253 A Last Word 10.4.07 256 The Situation in East Bengal 11.4.07 258 The Doctrine of Passive Resistance 11–23.4.07 263 I. Introduction 265 II. Its Object 270 III. Its Necessity 275 IV. Its Methods 281 V. Its Obligations 287 VI. Its Limits 293 VII. Conclusions 298 The Proverbial Offspring 12.4.07 304 By the Way 12.4.07 304 By the Way 13.4.07 308 The Old Year 16.4.07 311 Rishi Bankim Chandra 16.4.07 315 A Vilifier on Vilification 17.4.07 320 By the Way. A Mouse in a Flutter 17.4.07 321 Simple, Not Rigorous 18.4.07 324 British Interests and British Conscience 18.4.07 324 A Recommendation 18.4.07 325 An Ineffectual Sedition Clause 19.4.07 327 The Englishman as a Statesman 19.4.07 329 The Gospel according to Surendranath 22.4.07 331 A Man of Second Sight 23.4.07 335 Passive Resistance in the Punjab 23.4.07 337 By the Way 24.4.07 339 Bureaucracy at Jamalpur 25.4.07 344 Anglo-Indian Blunderers 25.4.07 346 The Leverage of Faith 25.4.07 346 Graduated Boycott 26.4.07 349 Instinctive Loyalty 26.4.07 352 Nationalism, Not Extremism 26.4.07 353 Shall India Be Free? The Loyalist Gospel 27.4.07 357 The Mask Is Off 27.4.07 359 Shall India Be Free? National Development and Foreign Rule 29.4.07 361 Shall India Be Free? 30.4.07 367 Moonshine for Bombay Consumption 1.5.07 370 The Reformer on Moderation 1.5.07 370 Shall India Be Free? Unity and British Rule 2.5.07 372 Extremism in the Bengalee 3.5.07 377 Hare or Another 3.5.07 380 Look on This Picture, Then on That 6.5.07 381 Curzonism for the University 8.5.07 385 Incompetence or Connivance 8.5.07 388 Soldiers and Assaults 8.5.07 390 By the Way 9.5.07 392 Lala Lajpat Rai Deported 10.5.07 395 The Crisis 11.5.07 396 Lala Lajpat Rai 11.5.07 399 Government by Panic 13.5.07 400 In Praise of the Government 13.5.07 402 The Bagbazar Meeting 14.5.07 404 A Treacherous Stab 14.5.07 407 How to Meet the Ordinance 15.5.07 409 Mr. Morley’s Pronouncement 16.5.07 412 The Bengalee on the Risley Circular 16.5.07 415 What Does Mr. Hare Mean? 16.5.07 416 Not to the Andamans! 16.5.07 417 The Statesman Unmasks 17.5.07 419 Sui Generis 17.5.07 422 The Statesman on Mr. Mudholkar 20.5.07 424 The Government Plan of Campaign 22.5.07 428 The Nawab’s Message 22.5.07 432 And Still It Moves 23.5.07 433 British Generosity 23.5.07 436 An Irish Example 24.5.07 439 The East Bengal Disturbances 25.5.07 441 Newmania 25.5.07 445 The Gilded Sham Again 27.5.07 446 National Volunteers 27.5.07 447
Part Four: Bande Mataram under the Editorship of Sri Aurobindo (28 May– 22 December 1907)
The True Meaning of the Risley Circular 28.5.07 453 Cool Courage and Not Blood-and-Thunder Speeches 28.5.07 457 The Effect of Petitionary Politics 29.5.07 459 The Sobhabazar Shaktipuja 29.5.07 459 The Ordinance and After 30.5.07 461 A Lost Opportunity 30.5.07 464 The Daily News and Its Needs 30.5.07 465 Common Sense in an Unexpected Quarter 30.5.07 465 Drifting Away 30.5.07 466 The Question of the Hour 1.6.07 469 Regulated Independence 4.6.07 473 A Consistent Patriot 4.6.07 476 Holding on to a Titbit 4.6.07 477 Wanted, a Policy 5.6.07 478 Preparing the Explosion 5.6.07 481 A Statement 6.6.07 483 Law and Order 6.6.07 485 Defying the Circular 7.6.07 487 By the Way. When Shall We Three Meet Again? 7.6.07 489 The Strength of the Idea 8.6.07 493 Comic Opera Reforms 8.6.07 496 Paradoxical Advice 8.6.07 498 An Out-of-Date Reformer 12.6.07 500 The Sphinx 14.6.07 504 Slow but Sure 17.6.07 506 The Rawalpindi Sufferers 18.6.07 508 Look on This Picture and Then on That 18.6.07 510 The Main Feeder of Patriotism 19.6.07 511 Concerted Action 20.6.07 514 The Bengal Government’s Letter 20.6.07 515 British Justice 21.6.07 517 The Moral of the Coconada Strike 21.6.07 520 The Statesman on Shooting 21.6.07 521 Mr. A. Chaudhuri’s Policy 22.6.07 523 A Current Dodge 22.6.07 527 More about British Justice 24.6.07 528 Morleyism Analysed 25.6.07 533 Political or Non-Political 25.6.07 538 Hare Street Logic 25.6.07 539 The Tanjore Students’ Resolution 26.6.07 541 The Statesman on Mr. Chaudhuri 26.6.07 542 “Legitimate Patriotism” 27.6.07 544 Khulna Oppressions 27.6.07 546 The Secret Springs of Morleyism 28.6.07 548 A Danger to the State 28.6.07 551 The New Thought. Personal Rule and Freedom of Speech and Writing 28.6.07 552 The Secret of the Swaraj Movement 29.6.07 557 Passive Resistance in France 29.6.07 559 By the Way 29.6.07 561 Stand Fast 1.7.07 565 The Acclamation of the House 2.7.07 566 Perishing Prestige 2.7.07 569 A Congress Committee Mystery 2.7.07 570 Europe and Asia 3.7.07 572 Press Prosecutions 4.7.07 577 Try Again 5.7.07 581 A Curious Procedure 9.7.07 582 Association and Dissociation 9.7.07 583 English Obduracy and Its Reason 11.7.07 584 Industrial India 11.7.07 587 From Phantom to Reality 13.7.07 589 Audi Alteram Partem 13.7.07 591 Swadeshi in Education 13.7.07 592 Boycott and After 15.7.07 594 In Honour of Hyde and Humphreys 16.7.07 597 Angelic Murmurs 18.7.07 599 A Plague o’ Both Your Houses 19.7.07 601 The Khulna Comedy 20.7.07 604 A Noble Example 20.7.07 607 The Korean Crisis 22.7.07 609 One More for the Altar 25.7.07 610 Srijut Bhupendranath 26.7.07 612 The Issue 29.7.07 616 District Conference at Hughly 30.7.07 620 Bureaucratic Alarms 30.7.07 620 The 7th of August 6.8.07 622 The Indian Patriot on Ourselves 6.8.07 625 Our Rulers and Boycott 7.8.07 626 Tonight’s Illumination 7.8.07 628 Our First Anniversary 7.8.07 629 To Organise 10.8.07 630 Statutory Distinction 10.8.07 632 Marionettes and Others 12.8.07 633 A Compliment and Some Misconceptions 12.8.07 634 Pal on the Brain 12.8.07 635 Phrases by Fraser 13.8.07 637 To Organise Boycott 17.8.07 638 The Foundations of Nationality 17.8.07 640 Barbarities at Rawalpindi 20.8.07 644 The High Court Miracles 20.8.07 646 The Times Romancist 20.8.07 649 A Malicious Persistence 21.8.07 651 In Melancholy Vein 23.8.07 653 Advice to National College Students [Speech] 23.8.07 655 Sankaritola’s Apologia 24.8.07 658 Our False Friends 26.8.07 662 Repression and Unity 27.8.07 664 The Three Unities of Sankaritola 31.8.07 666 Eastern Renascence 3.9.07 670 The Martyrdom of Bipin Chandra 12.9.07 672 Sacrifice and Redemption 14.9.07 676 The Un-Hindu Spirit of Caste Rigidity 20.9.07 679 Caste and Democracy 21.9.07 682 Bande Mataram Prosecution 25.9.07 686 Pioneer or Hindu Patriot? 25.9.07 690 The Chowringhee Pecksniff and Ourselves 26.9.07 692 The Statesman in Retreat 28.9.07 696 The Khulna Appeal 28.9.07 700 A Culpable Inaccuracy 4.10.07 701 Novel Ways to Peace 5.10.07 702 “Armenian Horrors” 5.10.07 703 The Vanity of Reaction 7.10.07 705 The Price of a Friend 7.10.07 709 A New Literary Departure 7.10.07 710 Protected Hooliganism—A Parallel 8.10.07 712 Mr. Keir Hardie and India 8.10.07 716 The Shadow of the Ordinance in Calcutta 11.10.07 718 The Nagpur Affair and True Unity 23.10.07 720 The Nagpur Imbroglio 29.10.07 723 English Democracy Shown Up 31.10.07 727 Difficulties at Nagpur 4.11.07 732 Mr. Tilak and the Presidentship 5.11.07 736 Nagpur and Loyalist Methods 16.11.07 740 The Life of Nationalism 16.11.07 744 By the Way. In Praise of Honest John 18.11.07 751 Bureaucratic Policy 19.11.07 757 About Unity 2.12.07 762 Personality or Principle? 3.12.07 765 More about Unity 4.12.07 768 By the Way 5.12.07 771 Caste and Representation 6.12.07 777 About Unmistakable Terms 12.12.07 781 The Surat Congress 13.12.07 786 Misrepresentations about Midnapore 13.12.07 788 Reasons of Secession 14.12.07 790 The Awakening of Gujerat 17.12.07 795 “Capturing the Congress” 18.12.07 799 Lala Lajpat Rai’s Refusal 18.12.07 801 The Delegates’ Fund 18.12.07 802
Part Five: Speeches (22 December 1907 – 1 February 1908)
Our Experiences in Bengal 13.1.08 807 National Education 15.1.08 810 The Present Situation 19.1.08 818 The Meaning of Swaraj 24.1.08 833 Swadeshi and Boycott 26.1.08 837 Bande Mataram 29.1.08 845 The Aims of the Nationalist Party 30.1.08 847 Our Work in the Future 31.1.08 855
Commercial and Educational Swarajya 1.2.08 861
Part Six: Bande Mataram under the Editorship of Sri Aurobindo with Speeches Delivered during the Same Period (6 February – 3 May 1908)
Revolutions and Leadership 6.2.08 867 Speeches at Pabna 12–13.2.08 871 Swaraj 18.2.08 873 The Future of the Movement 19.2.08 877 Work and Ideal 20.2.08 879 By the Way 20.2.08 881 The Latest Sedition Trial 21.2.08 883 Boycott and British Capital 21.2.08 885 Unofficial Commissions 21.2.08 886 The Soul and India’s Mission 21.2.08 887 The Glory of God in Man 22.2.08 891 A National University 24.2.08 894 Mustafa Kamal Pasha 3.3.08 897 A Great Opportunity 4.3.08 900 Swaraj and the Coming Anarchy 5.3.08 903 The Village and the Nation 7.3.08 907 Welcome to the Prophet of Nationalism 10.3.08 911 The Voice of the Martyrs 11.3.08 915 Constitution-making 11.3.08 917 What Committee? 11.3.08 918 An Opportunity Lost 11.3.08 919 A Victim of Bureaucracy 11.3.08 920 A Great Message 12.3.08 921 The Tuticorin Victory 13.3.08 924 Perpetuate the Split! 14.3.08 927 Loyalty to Order 14.3.08 928 Asiatic Democracy 16.3.08 929 Charter or No Charter 16.3.08 932 The Warning from Madras 17.3.08 935 The Need of the Moment 19.3.08 937 Unity by Co-operation 20.3.08 941 The Early Indian Polity 20.3.08 943 The Fund for Sj. Pal 21.3.08 947 The Weapon of Secession 23.3.08 951 Sleeping Sirkar and Waking People 23.3.08 955 Anti-Swadeshi in Madras 23.3.08 956 Exclusion or Unity? 24.3.08 958 How the Riot Was Made 24.3.08 962 Oligarchy or Democracy? 25.3.08 964 Freedom of Speech 26.3.08 969 Tomorrow’s Meeting 27.3.08 973 Well Done, Chidambaram! 27.3.08 975 The Anti-Swadeshi Campaign 27.3.08 976 Spirituality and Nationalism 28.3.08 977 The Struggle in Madras 30.3.08 980 A Misunderstanding 30.3.08 983 The Next Step 31.3.08 985 India and the Mongolian 1.4.08 988 Religion and the Bureaucracy 1.4.08 992 The Milk of Putana 1.4.08 993 Swadeshi Cases and Counsel 2.4.08 995 The Question of the President 3.4.08 996 The Utility of Ideals 3.4.08 1000 Speech at Panti’s Math 3.4.08 1002 Convention and Conference 4.4.08 1003 By the Way 4.4.08 1006 The Constitution of the Subjects Committee 6.4.08 1009 The New Ideal 7.4.08 1014 The Asiatic Role 9.4.08 1019 Love Me or Die 9.4.08 1022 The Work Before Us 10.4.08 1024 Campbell-Bannerman Retires 10.4.08 1026 United Congress [Speech] 10.4.08 1028 The Demand of the Mother 11.4.08 1030 Baruipur Speech 12.4.08 1034 Peace and Exclusion 13.4.08 1038 Indian Resurgence and Europe 14.4.08 1039 Om Shantih 14.4.08 1041 Conventionalist and Nationalist 18.4.08 1043 Palli Samiti [Speech] 20.4.08 1047 The Future and the Nationalists 22.4.08 1052 The Wheat and the Chaff 23.4.08 1056 Party and the Country 24.4.08 1061 The Bengalee Facing Both Ways 24.4.08 1064 The One Thing Needful 25.4.08 1066 New Conditions 29.4.08 1070 Whom to Believe? 29.4.08 1072 By the Way. The Parable of Sati 29.4.08 1073 Leaders and a Conscience 30.4.08 1078 An Ostrich in Colootola 30.4.08 1078 By the Way 30.4.08 1079 Nationalist Differences 2.5.08 1084 Ideals Face to Face 2.5.08 1085
Part Seven: Writings from Manuscripts (1907 – 1908)
The Bourgeois and the Samurai 1091 The New Nationalism 1109 The Mother and the Nation 1114 The Morality of Boycott 1117 A Fragment 1122
Appendixes
Appendix One: Incomplete Drafts of Three Articles Draft of the Conclusion of “Nagpur and Loyalist Methods” 1125 Draft of the Opening of “In Praise of Honest John” 1125 Incomplete Draft of an Unpublished Article 1129
Appendix Two: Writings and Jottings Connected with the Bande Mataram (1906 – 1908)}} “Bande Mataram” Printers & Publishers, Limited. 1131 Draft of a Prospectus of 1907 1133 Notes and Memos 1134
Appendix Three Nationalist Party Documents 1141
Appendix Four A Birthday Interview 1145
Notes are paraphrased from the “Publisher's Note” and “Note on the Texts”.
- ↑ Autobiographical Notes and Other Writings of Historical Interest, p.52, “A General Note on Sri Aurobindo's Political Life”
- ↑ Ibid., p.53
See also